Know Your Town: Patna

Patna, the capital of Bihar, is one of the oldest continuously inhabited cities in the world and an important urban center in eastern India. Historically known as Pataliputra, the seat of several ancient dynasties, Patna today stands at the crossroads of history and modern development.

Heritage and History

Patna’s legacy is rich with political and cultural significance. It was once the capital of the Maurya and Gupta empires and remains closely associated with Buddhism, Jainism, and Sikhism. Landmarks such as Golghar, Patna Sahib Gurudwara, and the Kumhrar ruins highlight the city’s historic depth.

Economic Growth and Industries

The city has traditionally been an administrative and educational hub. In recent years, Patna has experienced growth in services, retail, and construction. 

Industries like food processing, dairy, and small manufacturing contribute to its economy, while IT parks and commercial complexes are gradually shaping its modern profile. The city also serves as a trading hub for agricultural products from across Bihar.

Infrastructure and Connectivity

Patna is well connected through road, rail, and air networks. The Jay Prakash Narayan International Airport is undergoing expansion to accommodate rising air traffic, while new bridges over the Ganga, such as the Kacchi Dargah–Bidupur bridge, are improving road connectivity. The Patna Metro project, under construction, is expected to significantly ease urban mobility once operational.

Education and Healthcare

Patna has a strong reputation as an educational center. Institutions like Patna University, National Institute of Technology (NIT) Patna, and AIIMS Patna attract students from across the region. 

The city is also known for its coaching hubs, particularly for engineering and civil services aspirants. Healthcare services are being strengthened through government hospitals and private facilities.

Smart City Mission and Urban Challenges

Patna is part of the Smart Cities Mission, focusing on projects such as integrated traffic management, riverfront development, and solid waste management. However, challenges like traffic congestion, pollution, and rapid unplanned growth remain pressing issues.

The Road Ahead

With ongoing infrastructure projects like the metro and Ganga bridges, Patna is preparing for a more connected and modern urban future. 

Its combination of historical significance, educational strengths, and improving infrastructure makes it a vital city in eastern India’s development story.